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  1. Accountability Islaxisaabtan

    The idea that artificial intelligence should be developed, deployed, and used in a way that ensures that the legal responsibility for bad outcomes can be assigned to the correct individuals…

  2. AI Benchmarking Halbeegeyn

    The process of evaluating and comparing AI models using standardized tasks and datasets to measure performance factors like accuracy, speed, efficiency, robustness, and fairness. It helps…

  3. AI Creativity Hal-abuur

    The ability of AI tools to contribute to human creativity by suggesting ideas, automating tasks, and generating new content. AI lacks true creative consciousness and relies on…

  4. AI Discrimination GG Takoor

    As AI systems learn from data which may be unbalanced and or reflect discrimination, they may produce outputs which have discriminatory effects on different groups of people (e.g. relating…

  5. AI Hallucination Dhalanteed

    A response generated by AI that contains false or misleading information presented as fact.

  6. AI Literacy Aqoonta GG

    People's ability to understand, use, monitor, and critically reflect on AI applications as they become more common in their everyday lives.

  7. AI Risk Assessment Halis Qiimayn

    A process for organizations to identify, analyze, and mitigate potential harms associated with AI systems, including technical, ethical, social, and legal implications.

  8. AI-Assisted Translation Turjumo Kaaliye GG

    Automated translation of text between languages using AI. Models learn from large bilingual corpora to convert text from one language to another. These systems perform translation tasks…

  9. Algorithm Algoorisim

    A step-by-step procedure for solving a mathematical problem or accomplishing a specific end: rules used by a computer to sort through a mathematical problem.

  10. Algorithmic Bias Eexda Algoorisimka

    Describes systematic and repeatable errors in a computer system that create unfair outcomes, such as privileging one arbitrary group of users over others. Bias can emerge due to many…

  11. Automation Iswadid

    AI automation is the use of artificial intelligence to perform routine or repetitive tasks with minimal human input. This is intended to increase efficiency by letting machines handle data…

  12. Backpropagation Dib-u-faafin

    Backpropagation is a method used to train neural networks by helping them learn from mistakes. It works by comparing the network’s prediction to the correct answer, figuring out where it…

  13. Bots Kasjile

    A computer program that runs automated tasks over the internet, e.g., mimicking human behaviour online.

  14. Climate Change Isbeddelka Cimillada

    The change of the world's climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, e.g. increased carbon dioxide emissions. The negative impacts of climate change include rising…

  15. Cloud Computing Daruur Kombuyuutareed

    Refers to a model of computing that delivers on-demand access to shared resources—like servers, storage, and applications—over the Internet.

  16. Code Afgarad Koodh

    Coding is the process of creating instructions, called programs, that a computer can follow to carry out tasks. It involves designing and writing algorithms—step-by-step methods for solving…

  17. Computational Power Awood Xisaabeed

    Refers to the processing capacity of computer hardware that is critical for developing and running AI systems. As AI models grow more complex, they demand greater computing resources,…

  18. Content Moderation Korjogtayn Tusmeed

    The process by which an online platform (e.g. a social media company) monitors user-generated content (e.g. social media posts) based on platform-specific rules and guidelines to determine…

  19. Data Anonymization Xog Sheelid

    The process of removing or encrypting personally identifiable information from datasets so that individuals cannot be identified. Anonymization techniques (like removing names or masking…

  20. Data Augmentation Kobcinta Xogta

    Data augmentation is a technique to increase the diversity of training data without collecting new data. It creates new examples by transforming existing ones—such as rephrasing text,…

  21. Data Centers Xarumo Xogeed

    A temperature-controlled building that houses computing infrastructure, such as servers, data storage drives, and network equipment. These are used for the development and operation of…

  22. Data Colonialism Gumaysi Xogeed

    The appropriation and exploitation of data, particularly from marginalized communities, by powerful actors, mirroring the patterns of historical colonialism and leading to new forms of…

  23. Data Privacy Xog Gooniyeed

    Branch of data security concerned with the proper handling of data – consent, notice, and regulatory obligations. More specifically, practical data privacy concerns often revolve around…

  24. Data Provenance Raadraac Xogeed

    Tracking the origin, history, and lineage of data. This records where data came from, how it was processed, and by whom, to ensure integrity and reproducibility. For AI, this is supposed to…

  25. Data Scraping Xog Gurid

    A usually automated process where a technology takes data from a particular program or websites for a variety of uses that usually results in aggregation for analysis.

  26. Deep Learning Barasho Qoto-dheer

    Deep learning is a type of machine learning that uses artificial neural networks to learn from data. Artificial neural networks are inspired by the human brain, and they can be used to solve…

  27. Deepfakes Maqaarsaar

    Synthetic media in which a person in an existing image or video is replaced with someone else's likeness, created by deep learning and AI.

  28. Digital Divide Sinnaan La'aanta Dhijitaalka

    The unequal access to and use of digital technologies]], such as the Internet and digital devices, between different groups and regions, leading to disparities in opportunities and outcomes.

  29. Digital Sovereignty Madaxbanaanida Dhijitaalka ah

    A state's control over national data, its local capacity for digital technology development, and its ability to shape and enforce laws in the digital environment.

  30. Disinformation Marin-habaabin

    False information that is given deliberately.

  31. Edge AI GG Doceed

    Edge AI refers to the deployment of AI models on local devices—such as smartphones, cameras, or IoT sensors—so data is processed near its source instead of in the cloud. This reduces…

  32. Embeddings Dhexkab

    Embeddings in AI are numerical representations of data—such as words, sentences, or images—that capture their meaning and relationships in a format machines can understand. For instance, in…

  33. Explainability Garasho-Tabeed

    Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is a set of processes and methods that allows human users to understand the results and output created by machine learning algorithms. However…

  34. Feature Engineering Astaan Farsamayn

    The process of transforming raw data into meaningful inputs—called features—that help machine learning models make better predictions. It involves identifying which aspects of data are most…

  35. Federated Learning Isbarid Federaalaysan

    Federated learning is a way to train AI models across many devices or servers without sharing raw data. Each device learns from its own private data and sends only updates to a shared model,…

  36. Fine-tuning Sii Hagaajinta

    Fine-tuning is the process of taking a pre-trained machine learning model and adapting it to a specific task or dataset by continuing its training on new, relevant data. This approach builds…

  37. Gen AI Censorship GG Faafreeb

    The use of artificial intelligence to monitor, filter, and suppress content, often with the goal of controlling information flow and limiting free expression. For example, a government may…

  38. Gen AI Governance Hab-maamulka

    Laws, regulations and policies made by states or international organisations to control the development of AI technologies.

  39. Generative AI GG Curiyeed

    Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that can create new content like text, images, music, and code, based on the data it's trained on, mimicking human creativity. These AI…

  40. Image Generation Sawir Curin

    Image generation is a form of generative AI that creates new visual content—such as photos, illustrations, or graphics—by learning patterns from existing images.

  41. Informed Consent Oggolaansho la Wargeliyay

    The ability of an individual to understand and give their agreement for their data to be processed using AI, or for the training of AI.

  42. Infrastructure Kaabayaal

    AI infrastructure refers to the hardware and software systems required to build, train, and deploy AI applications.

  43. Intellectual Property Hanti Kasmeed

    An idea, a design, etc. that somebody has created and that the law prevents other people from copying. When AI training data includes copyrighted material (without permission) people have…

  44. Internet Intarnet

    The global system of interconnected computer networks.

  45. Internet of Things Walxaha Intarnetka

    A network of physical objects (“things”) embedded with sensors, processing ability, and connectivity, enabling them to exchange data with other devices or systems. IoT devices (such as smart…

  46. Large Language Models Moodeello Afeed Ballaaran

    Large language models (LLMs) are very large deep learning models that are pre-trained on vast amounts of data. They use neural networks to extract meanings from a sequence of text and…

  47. Low-Resource AI GG Khayraad Yar

    AI methods that are designed for languages with limited available training data. Such models often borrow knowledge from similar, data-rich areas to enable them to work with limited…

  48. Machine Learning Isbarid Mashiin

    The use and development of computer systems that are able to learn and adapt without following explicit instructions, by using algorithms and statistical models to analyse and draw…

  49. Model Architecture Qaabdhismeedka Moodeelka

    The design and structure of an AI system, outlining how data flows through the system, how information is processed, and how results are produced.

  50. Model Compression Cadaadis Moodeel

    Model compression refers to techniques that reduce the size and complexity of neural networks by removing redundant parameters or making the model more efficient. This lowers storage and…

  51. Model Watermarking Sumadaynta Moodeel

    Model watermarking is a way to secretly mark an AI model to prove who created or owns it. It works by slightly changing the model so it gives special, recognizable responses to certain…

  52. Multimodal AI Noocyo-Badane

    Multimodal AI refers to systems that can understand and combine different types of data—like text, images, or audio—at the same time. For example, it might use visual materials and language…

  53. Natural Language Processing Habaynta Afka Dabiiciga

    Natural language processing (NLP) is a type of computer science and AI that uses machine learning to enable computers to understand and communicate with human language.

  54. Neural Networks Shabakad Dareenside

    A type of AI modeled on the human brain. Instead of having a set of rules coded in like a traditional computer program, an artificial neural network learns to detect and predict patterns…

  55. Open-Source AI GG Il Furan

    Used to describe software for which the original source code is made freely available to anyone to adapt or share.

  56. Overfitting Sargoyn

    Overfitting is a phenomenon that occurs when a model learns the training data too well leading to poor performance on new, unseen data. It often happens when the model is too complex for the…

  57. Prediction Saadaalin

    A statement that says what you think will happen; the act of making such a statement.

  58. Prompt Engineering Farsamo Godlin

    Prompt engineering is the process of writing, refining and optimizing inputs to encourage GG Curiyeed (Generative AI) systems to create the specific outputs that the user wants.

  59. Reinforcement Learning Barasho Xoojin

    Reinforcement learning is a machine learning method where an AI system learns to make decisions by interacting with its environment and receiving feedback—rewards for good actions and…

  60. Resource Consumption Isticmaal Tamareed

    The computational power required to train generative AI models can require a huge amount of electricity, which leads to increased carbon dioxide emissions. Large amounts of water are also…

  61. Responsible AI GG Xilkas

    An approach to developing and using AI systems that aligns with ethical principles and societal values, ensuring they are safe, trustworthy, and beneficial.

  62. Safety Alignment Badqab Sugid

    Ensuring that AI systems behave in ways aligned with human values and safety constraints. Alignment aims to make a model’s goals and actions match user intent or ethical norms, preventing…

  63. Speech Synthesis Qoraal Hadalayn

    Also called text-to-speech (TTS), this is the generation of speech by artificial means, i.e. converting written content into spoken audio using AI models of pronunciation and voice.

  64. Supervised Learning Isbarid La Kormeero

    Supervised learning is a type of machine learning where models are trained on labeled data—meaning the correct answers are already known—to learn patterns and make accurate predictions. It's…

  65. Text Generation Qoraal Curin

    Large language models (LLMs) can be used to compose responses to questions or prompts that are statistically likely, based on patterns in their training data and on subsequent fine tuning by…

  66. Training Data Xog Tababar

    Training data refers to a curated set of labeled data (or examples) —such as text, images, audio, or video—that is used to teach a machine learning (ML) model how to recognize patterns, make…

  67. Transfer Learning Barasho Guurin

    A technique where knowledge from one task or dataset is reused to improve learning in another related but different task or dataset. This reduces training time and data needs, as the model…

  68. Transformer Models Moodeello Xog-dooriye

    Transformers are a type of AI model designed to understand and generate sequences—like sentences—by paying attention to all parts of the input at once. They are used in advanced language…

  69. Transparency Daahfurnaan

    The visibility of how AI systems are built. Many people argue that this visibility should be part of every aspect of AI development and deployment, from understanding the machine learning…

  70. Unsupervised Learning Isbarid Aan La Kormeerin

    Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning where models learn patterns and structures in data without labeled examples or human guidance. It helps uncover hidden insights—like…

  71. Video Generation Muuqaal Curin

    Video generation is a type of GG Curiyeed (Generative AI) that creates new videos by learning patterns of motion and visuals from existing footage. It produces realistic or imaginative…

  72. Zero-shot Learning Barasho Bowsi

    Zero-shot learning (ZSL) is a machine learning scenario in which an AI model is able to recognize and categorize objects or concepts without having seen any examples of those specific…

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